Listing Packages with APT
To view installed software on Ubuntu, use the command apt list --installed in the terminal. This displays package names, versions, and architectures.
For easier viewing, use apt list --installed | less to scroll through the list. Press 'Q' to exit.
To find a specific package, use apt list --installed | grep -i <package name>.
For detailed information on a package, use apt show <package name>.
To count installed packages, use apt -qq list --installed | wc -l.
To see manually installed packages, excluding dependencies, try apt --installed list | grep -v automatic.
Export the list with dpkg --get-selections > installed.txt for record-keeping or comparison.
Understanding Package Tags
APT package tags provide information about how packages were installed:
- [installed]: Manually added packages
- [installed, automatic]: Dependencies installed automatically
- [installed, local]: Packages installed from local DEB files, not from standard repositories
These tags help track the origin of installed software and manage your system effectively.
Using Dpkg for Listing
The dpkg tool offers additional ways to view installed packages:
dpkg --get-selections: Lists all installed packagesdpkg-query -l: Provides more detailed information, including version numbers and package architecture
The dpkg-log can be useful for tracking package history, including installations, removals, and upgrades.
Using both apt and dpkg commands provides a comprehensive view of your system's software.
Managing Snap Packages
Snap packages offer an alternative approach to software management. They contain applications with all required dependencies in a single package.
To view installed Snap packages, use snap list.
For details on a specific Snap, use snap info <package_name>.
To remove a Snap, use snap remove <package_name>. To update all Snaps, run snap refresh.
Snaps provide a streamlined approach to software installation and maintenance, operating independently of traditional package management systems.
Understanding package management tools helps maintain an organized system and ensures smooth operation. Regular updates and careful management of installed packages can significantly improve system performance and security.
Package managers are essential tools for Linux users, helping to install, update, and remove applications quickly. Most have intuitive commands and some even offer graphical versions for ease of use.
- Canonical Ltd. Ubuntu Server Guide. 2022.
- Red Hat, Inc. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 System Administrator's Guide. 2021.
- The Debian Project. Debian Reference. 2023.
